LLMs collude in on-chain auctions even when written rules forbid it — only enforceable, automatic penalties slash severe collusion from 50% to 5.6%. Here's how governance graphs make that concrete.
Llama-3.1-8B starts at 15.9% on MATH. Put it in an auction economy and it reaches 57.0% — beating a stronger monolithic baseline. The mechanism is Hayek: decentralized price signals, wealth accumulation, and economic selection pressure do what central orchestration can't.
On OP Stack chains, 'confirmed' is a four-layer promise stretching from 2 seconds to 7 days. AI agents that collapse these into one boolean expose themselves to sequencer reorgs, bridge lockups, and state dispute windows. Here's the full settlement stack, and an action taxonomy for each rung.
VitaDAO mints a Molecule IP-NFT — an ERC-721 pointing to a legal research agreement on IPFS — then fractionalizes it into ERC-20 tokens for community funding. Now AutoScientists runs the experiments at machine speed. Here is what the chain actually proves, and what it doesn't.
Long-context AI's real bottleneck isn't proof overhead — it's the KV cache. At 128K tokens, Llama 3.1 8B's KV state equals its own weights (15 GiB), pinned to one node per request. The formula, the GPU math, and why prefix caching demands stickiness that decentralized routing can't provide.
ETH's 3.46% daily volatility buries a 0.1% trading edge so deeply that on-chain P&L needs 4,600 trades — 230 days — before you can tell skill from luck at 95% confidence. Process rewards fix it in 23.
Three require() calls in Ondo Finance's CashKYCSenderReceiver block every address without KYC from $3.2 billion in permissioned US Treasury tokens — and AI agents can never pass them.
Softmax costs 275 ZK constraints per element vs 4 for MatMul. ZK-DeepSeek proved Transformer inference is expressible in SNARKs. Lookup arguments (Lasso, LogUp) explain how — replacing in-circuit transcendental approximations with pre-committed tables cuts nonlinear costs 10–20×.
DeepSeek-R1 emits 8,400 thinking tokens before a 341-token answer on hard math. Every existing on-chain verification scheme — TEE, optimistic, ZK, sampling — was designed when computation and output were proportional. They aren't anymore.
Uniswap v4 hooks make every liquidity pool programmable. Here's how the 14-bit permission bitmap works, what fires during a swap, and where AI agents fit into dynamic fee architecture.
A scan of ~2,000 MCP servers found zero with authentication. When an AI agent calls a tool, the tool has no idea who authorized it, with what scope, or whether a human was ever involved. IBCT tokens and the HDP IETF draft add an unforgeable answer — in 0.049 ms Rust verification.